Names & Taxonomy

Uniprot ID:
P01137
Entry Name:
TGFB1_HUMAN
Status:
reviewed
Protein Names:
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) [Cleaved into: Latency-associated peptide (LAP)]
Gene Names:
TGFB1 TGFB
Gene Names Primary:
TGFB1
Organism:
Homo sapiens (Human)

Structure

Length:
390
Sequence:
MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLASPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEIYDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWRYLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFTTGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYIDFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQALEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS
Proteomes:
UP000005640

Subcellular location

Subcellular Location:
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix

Function

Function:
Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells. Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25893292). Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (PubMed:25893292).
Cross Reference Drug Bank:
DB00070 DB06205
Gene Ontology Go:
axon
blood microparticle
cell surface
cytoplasm
extracellular region
extracellular space
Golgi lumen
neuronal cell body
nucleus
plasma membrane
platelet alpha granule lumen
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
antigen binding
cytokine activity
enzyme binding
glycoprotein binding
protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
active induction of host immune response by virus
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
aging
ATP biosynthetic process
blood coagulation
branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
cell cycle arrest
cell development
cell growth
cell migration
cell-cell junction organization
cellular calcium ion homeostasis
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
cellular response to organic cyclic compound
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
chondrocyte differentiation
common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
digestive tract development
endoderm development
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
extracellular matrix assembly
extracellular matrix organization
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
face morphogenesis
female pregnancy
frontal suture morphogenesis
germ cell migration
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
hyaluronan catabolic process
inflammatory response
inner ear development
lens fiber cell differentiation
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
lymph node development
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
MAPK cascade
mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
mononuclear cell proliferation
myelination
myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
negative regulation of cell cycle
negative regulation of cell differentiation
negative regulation of cell growth
negative regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of DNA replication
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
negative regulation of gene expression
negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
negative regulation of ossification
negative regulation of phagocytosis
negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
negative regulation of T cell proliferation
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Notch signaling pathway
oligodendrocyte development
organ regeneration
ossification involved in bone remodeling
pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
platelet activation
platelet degranulation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
positive regulation of bone mineralization
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
positive regulation of cell migration
positive regulation of cell proliferation
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
positive regulation of chemotaxis
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
positive regulation of exit from mitosis
positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
positive regulation of fibroblast migration
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
positive regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of histone acetylation
positive regulation of histone deacetylation
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
positive regulation of odontogenesis
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
positive regulation of protein complex assembly
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of protein secretion
positive regulation of receptor clustering
positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
positive regulation of vascular permeability
protein export from nucleus
protein import into nucleus, translocation
protein kinase B signaling
protein phosphorylation
receptor catabolic process
regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
regulation of apoptotic process
regulation of binding
regulation of blood vessel remodeling
regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
regulation of cartilage development
regulation of cell migration
regulation of DNA binding
regulation of interleukin-23 production
regulation of protein import into nucleus
regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
regulation of sodium ion transport
regulation of striated muscle tissue development
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
regulatory T cell differentiation
response to cholesterol
response to drug
response to estradiol
response to glucose
response to hypoxia
response to laminar fluid shear stress
response to progesterone
response to radiation
response to vitamin D
response to wounding
salivary gland morphogenesis
SMAD protein complex assembly
SMAD protein import into nucleus
SMAD protein signal transduction
T cell homeostasis
tolerance induction to self antigen
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
ureteric bud development
viral life cycle
Gene Ontology Biological Process:
active induction of host immune response by virus
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
aging
ATP biosynthetic process
blood coagulation
branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
cell-cell junction organization
cell cycle arrest
cell development
cell growth
cell migration
cellular calcium ion homeostasis
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
cellular response to organic cyclic compound
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
chondrocyte differentiation
common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
digestive tract development
endoderm development
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
extracellular matrix assembly
extracellular matrix organization
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
face morphogenesis
female pregnancy
frontal suture morphogenesis
germ cell migration
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
hyaluronan catabolic process
inflammatory response
inner ear development
lens fiber cell differentiation
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
lymph node development
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
MAPK cascade
mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
mononuclear cell proliferation
myelination
myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
negative regulation of cell cycle
negative regulation of cell differentiation
negative regulation of cell growth
negative regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of DNA replication
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
negative regulation of gene expression
negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
negative regulation of ossification
negative regulation of phagocytosis
negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
negative regulation of T cell proliferation
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
Notch signaling pathway
oligodendrocyte development
organ regeneration
ossification involved in bone remodeling
pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
platelet activation
platelet degranulation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
positive regulation of bone mineralization
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
positive regulation of cell migration
positive regulation of cell proliferation
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
positive regulation of chemotaxis
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
positive regulation of exit from mitosis
positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
positive regulation of fibroblast migration
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
positive regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of histone acetylation
positive regulation of histone deacetylation
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
positive regulation of odontogenesis
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
positive regulation of protein complex assembly
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of protein secretion
positive regulation of receptor clustering
positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
positive regulation of vascular permeability
protein export from nucleus
protein import into nucleus, translocation
protein kinase B signaling
protein phosphorylation
receptor catabolic process
regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
regulation of apoptotic process
regulation of binding
regulation of blood vessel remodeling
regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
regulation of cartilage development
regulation of cell migration
regulation of DNA binding
regulation of interleukin-23 production
regulation of protein import into nucleus
regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
regulation of sodium ion transport
regulation of striated muscle tissue development
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
regulatory T cell differentiation
response to cholesterol
response to drug
response to estradiol
response to glucose
response to hypoxia
response to laminar fluid shear stress
response to progesterone
response to radiation
response to vitamin D
response to wounding
salivary gland morphogenesis
SMAD protein complex assembly
SMAD protein import into nucleus
SMAD protein signal transduction
T cell homeostasis
tolerance induction to self antigen
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
ureteric bud development
viral life cycle
Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
antigen binding
cytokine activity
enzyme binding
glycoprotein binding
protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
axon
blood microparticle
cell surface
cytoplasm
extracellular region
extracellular space
Golgi lumen
neuronal cell body
nucleus
plasma membrane
platelet alpha granule lumen
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
Keywords:
3D-structure
Cleavage on pair of basic residues
Complete proteome
Direct protein sequencing
Disease mutation
Disulfide bond
Extracellular matrix
Glycoprotein
Growth factor
Mitogen
Polymorphism
Reference proteome
Secreted
Signal
Interacts With:
P05067; Q14689; P17813; Q12841; A4D127; P36897; P37173; Q03167; Q90998; P07996

Publication

PubMed ID:
3470709 3861940 14702039 15489334 8471846 2982829 3162913 9150447 9895299 11746498 16335952 16754747 16263699 17827158 21269460 25893292 25944712 8424942 8424943 8679613 9783545 10973241 11062463 12202987 12493741 12843182 15103729